first that यू need to know about afghan

For the Japanese manga, see Afghanis-tan.

جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان (Persian: Jamhūrī-ye Islāmī-ye Afġānistān ) د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت (Pashto: De Afġānistān Islāmī Jomhoriyat ) Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Flag Emblem
Anthem: Milli Tharana
Capital (and largest city)		Kabul 34°31′N, 69°08′E
Official languages		Dari (Persian) and Pashto[1]
Demonym		Afghan[2]
Government		Islamic presidential republic
-	President	Hamid Karzai
-	Vice President	Ahmad Zia Massoud
-	Vice President	Karim Khalili
Establishment
-	First Afghan state[3]	October, 1747
-	Independence from the United Kingdom	August 19, 1919
Area
-	Total	647,500 km² (41st) 251,772 sq mi
-	Water (%)	0
Population
-	2007 estimate	31,889,923 (37th)
-	1979 census	13,051,358
-	Density	46/km² (150th) 119/sq mi
GDP (PPP)		2007 estimate
-	Total	$19.84 billion (114th)
-	Per capita	$724 (172nd)
HDI (1993)		0.229 (n/a) (unranked)
Currency		Afghani (AFN)
Time zone		(UTC+4:30)
-	Summer (DST)	(UTC+4:30)
Internet TLD		.af
Calling code		+93

Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/^[4], officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, Persian: جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان), is a landlocked country that is located approximately in the center of Asia. It is variously designated as geographically located within Central Asia,^[5][6] South Asia,^[7][8] and the Middle East.^[9][10][11] It has religious, ethno-linguistic, and geographic links with most of its neighboring states. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east, Iran in the west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the north, and China in the far northeast. The name Afghanistan means the "Land of Afghans."

Afghanistan is a culturally mixed nation, a crossroads between the East and the West, and has been an ancient focal point of trade and migration. It has an important geostrategical location, connecting South, Central and Southwest Asia. During its long history, the land has seen various invaders and conquerors, while on the other hand, local entities invaded the surrounding vast regions to form their own empires. Ahmad Shah Durrani created the Durrani Empire in 1747, with its capital at Kandahar.^[12] Subsequently, the capital was shifted to Kabul and most of its territories ceded to former neighboring countries. In the late 19th century, Afghanistan became a buffer state in "The Great Game" played between the British Indian Empire and Russian Empire.^[13] On August 19, 1919, following the third Anglo-Afghan war, the country regained full independence from the United Kingdom over its foreign affairs.

Since the late 1970s Afghanistan has suffered continuous and brutal civil war, which included foreign interventions in the form of the 1979 Soviet invasion and the recent 2001 US-led invasion that toppled the Taliban government. In late 2001 the United Nations Security Council authorized the creation of an International Security Assistance Force (ISAF). This force is composed of NATO troops that are involved in assisting the government of President Hamid Karzai in establishing the writ of law as well as rebuilding key infrastructures in the nation. In 2005, the United States and Afghanistan signed a strategic partnership agreement committing both nations to a long-term relationship. In the meantime, multi-billion US dollars have also been provided by the international community for the reconstruction of the country.